Real Estate

House prices - third quarter 2023

Housing
House prices - third quarter 2023

Statbel, the Belgian statistical office, publishes today the house prices for the third quarter of 2023 in Belgium, based on the deeds of sale registered by the FPS Finances.

The main results are the following:

  • The Belgian median price for an attached or semi-detached house amounted to 264,500 euros. A buyer had to pay 370,000 euros for a detached house.
  • The Walloon Region is the cheapest with a median price of 180,000 euros for an attached or semi-detached house, and 295,000 euros for a detached house.
  • It is followed by the Flemish Region. Attached and semi-detached houses cost there 300,000 euros, and detached houses cost 410,000 euros.
  • The Brussels-Capital Region is the most expensive region for all types of dwellings. Attached and semi-detached houses cost there 505,000 euros. The median price for a detached house amounted to 850,000 euros.
  • Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant are the most expensive provinces. The cheapest Flemish province is Limburg and the cheapest Walloon province is Hainaut.
  • Ixelles was the most expensive municipality for houses. The cheapest houses can be found in Colfontaine and Chimay.
  • The most expensive apartments are found in Knokke-Heist. The cheapest apartments can be found in Charleroi.

Belgium

The median price for an attached or semi-detached house amounted to 264,500 euros in the third quarter of 2023. A buyer had to pay 370,000 euros for a detached house. Apartments cost 240,000 euros:

BELGIUM 2021 2022 2023 % evolution % evolution
(Q3) (Q3) (Q3) 2022 (Q3) / 2021 (Q3) 2023 (Q3) / 2022 (Q3)
Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 245,000 260,000 264,500 +6.1% +1.7%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 350,000 365,000 370,000 +4.3% +1.4%
Apartments 222,000 235,000 240,000 +5.9% +2.1%
Median price (euros)

Compared to the third quarter 2022, the median prices of attached and semi-detached houses have increased by 1.7%, i.e. an increase of almost 5,000 euros. Detached houses registered a price increase of 1.4% or 5,000 euros. Apartments also cost 5,000 euros more, which corresponds to a price increase of 2.1%.

(The chart shows the median prices of the third quarter for each year)

The regions

Clear regional differences can be noted:

  • The Walloon Region is the cheapest. In the third quarter of 2023, the median price for houses remained stable compared to the same period last year: the median price of an attached or semi-detached house was 180,000, that of detached house 295,000 euros. With a price increase of 8,000 euros, apartments became 4.6% more expensive and cost 183,000 euros:
WALLOON REGION 2021 2022 2023 % evolution % evolution
(Q3) (Q3) (Q3) 2022 (Q3) / 2021 (Q3) 2023 (Q3) / 2022 (Q3)
Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 170,000 180,000 180,000 +5.9% 0.0%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 280,000 295,000 295,000 +5.4% 0.0%
Apartments 170,000 175,000 183,000 +2.9% +4.6%
Median price (euros)
  • It is followed by the Flemish Region. Attached and semi-detached houses there cost 300,000 euros, an increase of 5,000 euros (+1.7%) compared to the third quarter of 2022. Detached houses (410,000 euros) experienced a price increase of 2.5% or 10,000 euros. The median price of apartments rose by 3.8% to 249,000 euros:
FLEMISH REGION 2021 2022 2023 % evolution % evolution
(Q3) (Q3) (Q3) 2022 (Q3) / 2021 (Q3) 2023 (Q3) / 2022 (Q3)
Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 273,000 295,000 300,000 +8.1% +1.7%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 380,000 400,000 410,000 +5.3% +2.5%
Apartments 225,000 240,000 249,000 +6.7% +3.8%
Median price (euros)
  • The Brussels-Capital Region is the most expensive region for all types of dwellings. Attached and semi-detached houses cost over half a million euros and became 6,000 euros (+1.2%) more expensive. Detached houses experienced a 20.9% decrease in median price and cost 850,000 euros . The median price of apartments remained stable at 260,000 euros.
BRUSSELS-CAPITAL REGION 2021 2022 2023 % evolution % evolution
(Q3) (Q3) (Q3) 2022 (Q3) / 2021 (Q3) 2023 (Q3) / 2022 (Q3)
Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 485,000 499,000 505,000 +2.9% +1.2%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 1,107,500 1,075,000 850,000 0.0% --20.9%
Apartments 250,000 260,000 260,000 +4% 0.0%
Median price (euros)

The provinces

In the Flemish Region, in the third quarter of 2023, houses and apartments were the most expensive in the province of Flemish Brabant: an attached or semi-detached house there cost 355,000 euros. For a detached house, the median price was 462,500 euros. Apartments there cost 259,600 euros. Houses and apartments were the cheapest in Limburg: 255,000 euros for an attached or semi-detached house and 320,000 euros for a detached house. The median price for apartments there was 236,250 euros.

In the Walloon Region, the province of Walloon Brabant was the most expensive for all categories: attached and semi-detached houses there cost 317,000 euros, the median price for detached houses was 457,500 euros and apartments reached a level of 240,000 euros. Hainaut was the cheapest for attached or semi-detached houses (155,000 euros) and apartments (160,000 euros). The cheapest detached houses were found in the province of Namur (265,000 euros).

The municipalities

Houses

The tables below show a ranking of the most and least expensive municipalities per region based on all attached, semi-detached and detached houses.

The most expensive Flemish municipality for houses was Knokke-Heist with a median price of 795,000 euros. The cheapest houses in this region could be found in Menen with a median price of 185,000 euros.

The most expensive Walloon houses are located in Lasne (607,500 euros) and the cheapest houses could be found in Colfontaine and Chimay (115,000 euros).

In the Brussels-Capital Region, the municipality of Ixelles had the highest median price with 950,000 euros. The lowest median price for houses in this region was found in Molenbeek-Saint-Jean (311,250 euros).

Houses in the Flemish Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 KNOKKE-HEIST (70) 795,000 1 MENEN (109) 185,000
2 SINT-GENESIUS-RODE (45) 665,500 2 WERVIK (46) 189,500
3 KEERBERGEN (33) 630,000 3 RONSE (76) 196,500
  HOVE (23) 630,000 4 HEERS (16) 212,500
5 KRAAINEM (36) 622,500 5 TONGEREN (77) 219,000
6 WEZEMBEEK-OPPEM (23) 605,000 6 WEVELGEM (84) 237,500
7 DE PINTE (18) 552,828 7 IZEGEM (87) 239,000
8 BIERBEEK (20) 541,000   ARDOOIE (19) 239,000
9 BRASSCHAAT (95) 530,000 9 SINT-TRUIDEN (71) 240,000
  OVERIJSE (59) 530,000 10 BREE (31) 241,875
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Houses in the Walloon Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 LASNE (32) 607,500 1 COLFONTAINE (77) 115,000
2 WATERLOO (59) 525,000   CHIMAY (24) 115,000
3 CHAUMONT-GISTOUX (35) 487,500 3 QUAREGNON (44) 120,000
4 RIXENSART (52) 480,000 4 HASTIERE (42) 128,500
5 GENAPPE (38) 437,500 5 DOUR (44) 130,000
6 ARLON (45) 429,000   VIROINVAL (24) 130,000
7 GREZ-DOICEAU (32) 425,000 7 MORLANWELZ (41) 135,000
8 OTTIGNIES-LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE (34) 422,500 8 DINANT (37) 139,000
9 MESSANCY (22) 420,000 9 CHARLEROI (431) 140,000
10 COURT-SAINT-ÉTIENNE (23) 390,000 10 COUVIN (19) 148,500
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Houses in the Brussels-Capital Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 IXELLES (29) 950,000 1 MOLENBEEK-SAINT-JEAN (16) 311,250
2 WOLUWE-SAINT-PIERRE (37) 750,000 2 ANDERLECHT (43) 365,000
3 WOLUWE-SAINT-LAMBERT (35) 705,000 3 BRUSSELS (64) 387,500
4 UCCLE (73) 650,000 4 JETTE (26) 393,900
5 ETTERBEEK (16) 647,500 5 SCHAERBEEK (47) 420,000
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Apartments

The tables below show a ranking of the most and least expensive municipalities per region for the apartments.

The most expensive Flemish municipality for apartments was Knokke-Heist with a median price of 490,000 euros. The cheapest apartments in this region could be found in Sint-Truiden with a median price of 172,500 euros.

The most expensive Walloon apartments are located in Gembloux (290,000 euros) and the cheapest could be found in Charleroi (120,000 euros).

In the Brussels-Capital Region was Woluwé-Saint-Pierre the municipality with the highest median price for an apartment, i.e. 352,500 euros. The lowest median price was for the municipality of Anderlecht (200,000 euros).

Apartments in the Flemish Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 KNOKKE-HEIST (238) 490,000 1 SINT-TRUIDEN (33) 172,500
2 HERENT (26) 332,000 2 MIDDELKERKE (139) 190,000
3 BOECHOUT (20) 316,250 3 TIENEN (37) 192,000
4 GENT (365) 299,000 4 HARELBEKE (18) 192,500
5 MECHELEN (119) 298,000 5 ROESELARE (46) 195,000
6 DILBEEK (24) 295,000 6 BLANKENBERGE (107) 200,000
7 KOKSIJDE (120) 292,000 7 ZOTTEGEM (21) 207,800
8 DE HAAN (57) 291,500 8 LEOPOLDSBURG (17) 209,000
9 KONTICH (18) 288,500 9 MAASMECHELEN (23) 210,000
10 BRASSCHAAT (38) 280,000   NINOVE (22) 210,000
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Apartments in the Walloon Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 GEMBLOUX (20) 290,000 1 CHARLEROI (101) 120,000
2 BRAINE-L’ALLEUD (23) 280,000 2 HERSTAL (18) 126,500
3 WATERLOO (21) 272,500 3 LA LOUVIERE (42) 135,000
4 NIVELLES (41) 237,500   SERAING (26) 135,000
5 WAVRE (38) 230,000   HUY (21) 135,000
6 ARLON (39) 228,000 6 TOURNAI (52) 145,000
7 NAMUR (91) 220,500 7 LIÈGE (297) 160,000
8 TUBIZE (17) 210,000 8 MONS (142) 165,000
9 ATH (16) 207,500   VERVIERS (29) 165,000
10 OTTIGNIES-LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE (66) 190,000 10 WAREMME (16) 185,000
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Apartments in the Brussels-Capital Region

Most expensive municipalities Median price Least expensive municipalities Median price
1 WOLUWE-SAINT-PIERRE (98) 352,500 1 ANDERLECHT (205) 200,000
2 IXELLES (215) 350,000 2 GANSHOREN (53) 205,000
3 UCCLE (228) 337,500 3 MOLENBEEK-SAINT-JEAN (166) 207,750
4 WOLUWE-SAINT-LAMBERT (160) 321,500 4 BERCHEM-SAINTE-AGATHE (63) 225,500
5 ETTERBEEK (102) 315,000 5 JETTE (110) 226,000
The figure in brackets represents the number of transactions.

Annexes

Overview median prices

Median (euro) 2021
(Q3)
2022
(Q3)
2023
(Q3)
Evolution %
2022(Q3) / 2021(Q3)
Evolution %
2023(Q3) / 2022(Q3)
BELGIUM Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 245,000 260,000 264,500 +6.1% +1.7%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 350,000 365,000 370,000 +4.3% +1.4%
Apartments 222,000 235,000 240,000 +5.9% +2.1%
FLEMISH REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 273,000 295,000 300,000 +8.1% +1.7%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 380,000 400,000 410,000 +5.3% +2.5%
Apartments 225,000 240,000 249,000 +6.7% +3.8%
WALLOON REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 170,000 180,000 180,000 +5.9% 0.0%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 280,000 295,000 295,000 +5.4% 0.0%
Apartments 170,000 175,000 183,000 +2.9% +4.6%
BRUSSELS-CAPITAL REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 485,000 499,000 505,000 +2.9% +1.2%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 1,107,500 1,075,000 850,000 -2.9% -20.9%
Apartments 250,000 260,000 260,000 +4.0% 0.0%
PROVINCE OF ANTWERP Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 300,000 330,000 329,000 +10.0% -0.3%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 406,000 429,000 435,000 +5.7% +1.4%
Apartments 220,000 239,149 249,000 +8.7% +4.1%
PROVINCE OF FLEMISH BRABANT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 325,000 350,000 355,000 +7.7% +1.4%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 425,000 450,000 462,500 +5.9% +2.8%
Apartments 240,000 259,000 259,600 +7.9% +0.2%
PROVINCE OF WALLOON BRABANT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 315,000 320,000 317,000 +1.6% -0.9%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 445,500 450,000 457,500 +1.0% +1.7%
Apartments 240,000 250,000 240,000 +4.2% -4.0%
PROVINCE OF WEST FLANDERS Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 237,000 251,137 259,500 +6.0% +3.3%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 381,000 390,000 406,500 +2.4% +4.2%
Apartments 223,250 225,000 245,000 +0.8% +8.9%
PROVINCE OF EAST FLANDERS Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 268,000 290,000 290,000 +8.2% 0.0%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 400,000 432,000 445,000 +8.0% +3.0%
Apartments 232,850 250,000 255,000 +7.4% +2.0%
PROVINCE OF HAINAUT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 150,000 159,000 155,000 +6.0% -2.5%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 260,000 275,000 275,000 +5.8% 0.0%
Apartments 145,000 140,000 160,000 -3.4% +14.3%
PROVINCE OF LIÈGE Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 175,000 184,250 185,000 +5.3% +0.4%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 285,000 295,000 280,000 +3.5% -5.1%
Apartments 165,000 172,000 170,000 +4.2% -1.2%
PROVINCE OF LIMBURG Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 225,000 240,000 255,000 +6.7% +6.3%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 289,000 311,000 320,000 +7.6% +2.9%
Apartments 215,000 220,000 236,250 +2.3% +7.4%
PROVINCE OF LUXEMBOURG Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 185,000 211,000 212,940 +14.1% +0.9%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 245,500 270,000 269,000 +10.0% -0.4%
Apartments 185,000 185,000 210,000 0.0% +13.5%
PROVINCE OF NAMUR Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 187,000 199,000 190,000 +6.4% -4.5%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 250,000 265,000 265,000 +6.0% 0.0%
Apartments 170,000 174,000 210,000 +2.4% +20.7%

Overview of the number of transactions

Number of property transactions 2021
(Q3)
2022
(Q3)
2023
(Q3)
Evolution %
2022(Q3) / 2021(Q3)
Evolution %
2023(Q3) / 2022(Q3)
BELGIUM Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 17,484 16,184 14,479 -7.4% -10.5%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 8,276 7,932 6,843 -4.2% -13.7%
Apartments 11,626 11,127 10,392 -4.3% -6.6%
FLEMISH REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 11,203 10,428 9,078 -6.9% -12.9%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 5,395 5,104 4,387 -5.4% -14.0%
Apartments 7,482 6,801 6,174 -9.1% -9.2%
WALLOON REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 5,673 5,216 4,890 -8.1% -6.3%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 2,842 2,788 2,431 -1.9% -12.8%
Apartments 1,551 1,700 1,775 +9.6% +4.4%
BRUSSELS-CAPITAL REGION Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 608 540 511 -11.2% -5.4%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 39 40 25 +2.6% -37.5%
Apartments 2,593 2,626 2,443 +1.3% -7.0%
PROVINCE OF ANTWERP Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 2,906 2,671 2,326 -8.1% -12.9%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 1,380 1,230 1,092 -10.9% -11.2%
Apartments 2,842 2,540 2,366 -10.6% -6.9%
PROVINCE OF FLEMISH BRABANT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 1,717 1,564 1,446 -8.9% -7.5%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 1,072 1,029 936 -4.0% -9.0%
Apartments 852 937 791 +10.0% -15.6%
PROVINCE OF WALLOON BRABANT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 465 446 388 -4.1% -13.0%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 424 416 376 -1.9% -9.6%
Apartments 261 258 274 -1.1% +6.2%
PROVINCE OF WEST FLANDERS Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 2,458 2,329 1,991 -5.2% -14.5%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 974 867 712 -11.0% -17.9%
Apartments 2,104 1,718 1,522 -18.3% -11.4%
PROVINCE OF EAST FLANDERS Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 3,211 3,039 2,540 -5.4% -16.4%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 993 982 836 -1.1% -14.9%
Apartments 1,094 1,043 972 -4.7% -6.8%
PROVINCE OF HAINAUT Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 2,667 2,399 2,213 -10.0% -7.8%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 790 773 662 -2.2% -14.4%
Apartments 417 410 541 -1.7% +32.0%
PROVINCE OF LIÈGE Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 1,605 1,492 1,456 -7.0% -2.4%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 686 671 596 -2.2% -11.2%
Apartments 506 666 637 +31.6% -4.4%
PROVINCE OF LIMBURG Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 911 825 775 -9.4% -6.1%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 976 996 811 +2.0% -18.6%
Apartments 590 563 523 -4.6% -7.1%
PROVINCE OF LUXEMBOURG Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 360 293 316 -18.6% +7.8%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 382 368 313 -3.7% -14.9%
Apartments 131 133 129 +1.5% -3.0%
PROVINCE OF NAMUR Houses with 2 or 3 outside walls (attached + semi-detached houses) 576 586 517 +1.7% -11.8%
Houses with 4 outside walls or more (detached houses) 560 560 484 0.0% -13.6%
Apartments 236 233 194 -1.3% -16.7%
Overview by Buildingtype
Content
Map
Content

General overview

The statistic on house prices is based on the deeds of sale registered by the FPS Finances, and more specifically the General Administration of the Patrimonial Documentation (GAPD), better known as the land registry. Until 2004, the necessary data were transmitted to Statbel on paper. From 2005 onwards, the data were transmitted in digital format, based on the registration system CADNET/LOCO. From 2016 onwards, the STIPAD system replaced the CADNET/LOCO system within the GAPD. This document describes the methodology used to calculate house prices.

Direct sales versus public sales

In the case of a direct sale of real estate, the buyer and the seller agree on a selling price.

In the case of a public sale, the property is sold according to the highest bid system. The sale is usually conducted under the direction of a notary in a public space (e.g. a café) and is announced in a local newspaper, for example.

Real estate prices as calculated by Statbel are based on both direct sales and public sales.

Preliminary sales agreement versus deed of sale

In the case of a direct sale of real estate, a preliminary sales agreement is first signed between the seller and the buyer. The signature of the notarial deed of sale takes place with a notary within 4 months of the signature of the preliminary sales agreement.

All preliminary sales agreements do not result in an actual sale. It is possible that the buyer does not find the necessary funding after the signature of the preliminary sales agreement because the bank refused the mortgage credit, for example.

Real estate prices as calculated by Statbel are based on the notarial deeds, i.e. on effective sales, and not on preliminary sales agreements.

Sales price

In addition to the agreed sales price, the buyer still has to pay additional costs, such as registration fees (or VAT in the case of a new building) and the notary's fees for drawing up the deed. If you take out a mortgage loan, the mortgage registration fees and any bank processing fees are added. For the calculation of real estate prices, we only take the agreed sales prices into account, excluding additional fees.

Type of property

Residential real estate

The data set of the land registry, to which Statbel had access from 2005 to 2017 for the calculation of real estate prices, included the following categories of properties:

  • regular houses
  • villas
  • apartments

These categories are based on the nature mentioned on the cadastral plan. This nature is determined once the new building is completed. This nature is not always updated if the purpose of the building changes.

The breakdown into ‘regular house’ versus ‘villa’ is based on the (subjective) judgement of the evaluator of the land registry.

In the rest of the document, real estate prices calculated according to the breakdown above are mentioned as real estate prices according to the ‘former methodology’. From 2017 onwards, a more comprehensive data set, including a detailed description of the property, was made available to Statbel. It provides two additional variables: the nature according to the deed of sale and the construction code.

This additional information makes it possible to further optimise the methodology:

  • In order to determine the type of building, we no longer use the nature mentioned in the cadastral plan, but the nature mentioned in the deed of sale. This nature is more up to date because it is identified (by the notary) at the time of each sale.
  • Houses are now objectively broken down according to the number of facades. The former method made the distinction between regular houses and villas, but this qualification is subjective. In the modified methodology, we now distinguish attached and semi-detached houses (2 or 3 facades) and detached houses (4 facades or more).

In the rest of the document, real estate prices calculated based on the nature in the deed of sale are mentioned as real estate prices according to the ‘new methodology’.

Building plots

The additional variables do not make it possible to calculate reference prices for building plots. The reason is that a large part of actual building plots was assigned to a residential category, in which we can find anything: agricultural lands, industrial lands, building plots, etc. This concerns more than 50 % of all building plots.

Other types of properties

In the same way, for non-residential properties (agriculture, commercial, etc.), the database of the land registry does not allow to calculate results. Properties in this category are very often sold in lots, with other plots with different purposes for a total price, so that it is not possible to calculate a price per individual property and therefore the median prices per category.

New buildings

In the former methodology, all transactions that were in the summary data set of the land registry were included in the calculation. It also included part of the new constructions.

Thanks to the more detailed data set available to Statbel since 2016 and after a joint analysis with the land registry, it appeared that not all actual new constructions were included in the data set and that the data on new constructions that were included were not always accurate. The land registry’s database does not allow to build up a correct picture of the total sales of new constructions. For this reason, the new optimised methodology only takes into account the secondary real estate market (resale) and all transactions relating to new constructions are eliminated.

Cleansing of data sets

The data sets provided by the land registry are cleaned in two ways.

On the one hand, all transactions that do not belong to the statistical universe are eliminated. These transactions are not taken into account in the calculation of the reference price or of the number of transactions. This concerns for example transfers due to inheritances. In the optimised methodology, new constructions are also eliminated.

In the same way, transactions for which essential data are unknown - e.g. the date of sale or the type of property - are also eliminated.

On the other hand, filters are used to identify missing data. In this case, the missing data make it possible to include transactions in the calculation of the number of transactions, but they are not taken into account in the calculation of the reference price. This concerns for example transactions for which only the price is missing. Transactions relating to the sale of several properties in one lot for an overall price are also included in this category.

Results

In the former methodology, the results calculated include average prices, median prices, percentile prices, the number of transactions, total prices and total surface areas.

In the new optimised methodology, the results calculated include median prices, percentile prices and the number of transactions.

The results are grouped per year, per semester or quarter, per type of dwelling and per location (municipalities, districts, provinces, regions and country).

Reference price: average price versus median price

For statistical breakdowns characterised by observations with extreme values (e.g. the sales price of real estate), it should be taken into account that the average, as the central measuring tool, is strongly influenced by these extreme values: an extreme value will steer the average towards it to a large extent.

The median price is a more appropriate measuring tool. This is the price against which 50% of transactions are cheaper and 50% more expensive. The influence of these extreme values on this measuring tool is minimal or non-existent: the median does not change, or hardly changes, if an extreme value is added to or removed from the calculation (unlike the average). So, the median price is a more stable measuring tool than the average price.

In Statbel's publications, the median price is used as reference price.

Percentile price

Percentile prices are additional measuring tools that, with the median price, give a better picture of the statistical breakdown of prices. The 25th percentile (also called the first quartile: Q25) is the price against which 25 % of transactions are as expensive or cheaper, while 75 % of transactions are as expensive or more expensive.

The 75th percentile (also called the third quartile: Q75) is the price against which 75 % of transactions are as expensive or cheaper, while 25 % of transactions are as expensive or more expensive.

Median and percentile prices are published only for 16 transactions with valid prices per aggregate, in order to achieve a certain degree of representativeness and to guarantee the confidentiality of individual data. The land registry’s database sometimes contains transactions with no valid price. These transactions are included in the total number of transactions, but not in the price calculation. If, for an aggregate, there is one or more transactions whose price is not valid, the number of transactions for which prices are shown will be greater than the limit of 16 transactions referred to above, in accordance with the number of transactions whose price is not valid.

Total price

Given the relatively high number of transactions for which the price is missing (especially since STIPAD), we no longer publish the total price in the new optimised methodology.

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