Een vierde van de werkzame personen werkt buiten zijn of haar provincie van verblijf
Op 1 januari 2021 werkte 25,4% van de werkende bevolking[1] buiten haar provincie van verblijf (of haar gewest voor de inwoners van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest). Dit percentage bedraagt 29,8% in het Waals Gewest, 24,2% in het Vlaams Gewest en 20% in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest. Dit blijkt uit de Belgische Census van 2021.
In het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest verlaat slechts 20% van de inwoners hun provincie om te werken, en in het zuiden van het gewest is dat nog minder. In het Waals Gewest daarentegen, ondanks de grootte van de provincies, werkt 29,8% van de werkzame personen buiten zijn of haar provincie. Dit percentage is echter hoger aan de grenzen van elke provincie, vooral in de gemeenten dicht bij het Groothertogdom Luxemburg. In het Vlaams Gewest bedraagt het percentage personen dat buiten hun provincie van verblijf werkt 24,2%, en dit varieert veel meer van provincie tot provincie, voornamelijk in functie van de nabijheid van Brussel en de grenzen met andere provincies of met een buurland.
Op provinciaal niveau is het interessant om vast te stellen dat er weinig pendelaars zijn naar een andere provincie voor inwoners van de provincies West-Vlaanderen, Antwerpen en Luik.
Op gemeentelijk niveau schommelde het percentage van de werkende bevolking dat buiten haar provincie van verblijf werkt tussen 6% in de gemeenten Staden en Vleteren en 74% in Kraainem.
Veel van de gemeenten waarvoor deze indicator het hoogst is zijn "faciliteitengemeenten": Kraainem (74%), Linkebeek (73,6%), Drogenbos (73,2%), Wezembeek-Oppem (69%), Sint-Genesius-Rode (67,1%), Edingen (65,8%), Wemmel (63,5%), Voeren (59,6%) of Raeren (52,4%), om er maar een paar te noemen.
[1] De werkende bevolking omvat alle personen die tijdens de referentieweek werkzaam waren. De volgende personen worden beschouwd als werkzame personen:
- personen van 15 jaar of ouder en die
- ofwel in de laatste week van het jaar minstens één uur gewerkt hebben voor een loon of tegen betaling in geld of in natura;
- ofwel tijdens de referentieperiode tijdelijk afwezig zijn geweest van het werk, maar die een formele link met het werk hebben behouden:
The share of employees is the ratio between the number of employees and the employed population.
In Belgium, 83.3% of the employed population was in paid employment on 1 January 2021. As in 2011, the disparities in the country are low with a share of 85% in the Walloon Region versus 80% in the Brussels-Capital Region. In the Flemish Region, it is estimated at 82.9%. Although there is a high share of employees in the south of the province of Luxembourg, close to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, in particular in the municipality of Aubange (93.8%), the province of Hainaut has the highest share of employees with 86.5%. Conversely, the lowest rate is situated in Walloon Brabant (78.6%) and particularly in Lasne (57.3%), the second Belgian municipality with the lowest share of employees after Sint-Martens-Latem (55.3%).
The share of self-employed is the share of self-employed workers with or without employees in the employed population.
On 1 January 2021, 15.6% of the employed population in Belgium was self-employed. For the whole Walloon Region, the share of self-employed amounts to 14% compared to 16% in the Flemish Region. In contrast to employees, there are more self-employed in and around the capital, i.e. in Walloon Brabant (20.6%), in Flemish Brabant (16.4%) and in the Brussels-Capital Region (18.1%) but also in West Flanders (17.9%). Moving away from the centre of the country, the share of self-employed drops and rises again in the more remote municipalities, notably in West Flanders but also in the north of the province of Antwerp, in some municipalities of the province of Liège and in the east of the province of Luxembourg. However, in this last province, in particular in the south, the share of self-employed in the employed population is the smallest of the country (12.2%). In the province of Hainaut, the second province with the lowest share of self-employed, the municipalities of Ham-sur-Heure-Nalinnes and Gerpinnes differ from the other municipalities in the Region with a higher share of self-employed.
This indicator represents the share of the employed population working outside their province of residence.
On 1 January 2021, the share of the employed population working outside their province of residence varies between 6% in the municipalities of Staden and Vleteren and 74% in Kraainem. At national level, this percentage is estimated at 25.4%. It is interesting to note that there are few commuters to another province among the inhabitants of the provinces of West Flanders, Antwerp and Liège. In the Brussels-Capital Region also, only 20% of the inhabitants leave their province to work and they are even fewer in the south of the Region. Conversely, in the Walloon Region, despite the large area of provinces, 29.8% of workers go to work in another province. However, this figure is higher on the borders of each province and particularly in municipalities close to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In the Flemish Region, the percentage of people working outside their province of residence amounts to 24.2% and varies much more from one province to the other, depending mainly on the proximity to Brussels and the borders with other provinces or a neighbouring country.
Among the municipalities where this indicator is the highest, we find many municipalities with language facilities: Kraainem (74%), Linkebeek (73.6%), Drogenbos (73.2%), Wezembeek-Oppem (69%), Sint-Genesius-Rode (67.1%), Enghien (65.8%), Wemmel (63.5%), Voeren (59.6%), or Raeren (52.4%), among others.
The Census 2021 in a nutshell
The Census 2021 is a snapshot of the population living in Belgium on 1 January 2021. It provides a wide range of figures on housing and demographic, socio-economic and educational characteristics of the citizens. The objective of the Census is twofold: to comply with the European regulation[1] and to produce statistics to address national specific needs (public services, international organizations, researchers, enterprises and private individuals).
Previously based on an exhaustive survey of all citizens, since 2011 the Census has been based exclusively on the use of administrative databases.
Definitions
The various statistical units
Population
The population taken into account for the Census 2021 is the residential population, as registered in the National Register of Natural Persons (RNPP) on 1 January 2021. The Belgian population includes Belgians and non-Belgians who have been allowed or authorised to settle or to stay in Belgium but does not include non-Belgians living on the territory for less than three months, asylum seekers and non-Belgians in an illegal situation[2].
Private households
This group includes people living alone in a dwelling and groups of several people living in the same dwelling and providing themselves with essentials for living.
Family nuclei
A family nucleus is defined as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child.
Living quarters
Living quarters refer to all quarters used as the usual residence of one or several persons.
Conventional dwellings
Conventional dwellings are separate units (surrounded by walls and covered by a roof) that are independent (with a direct access from the street or a staircase, passage) and designed to be used as a permanent dwelling.
Occupied conventional dwellings
Occupied conventional dwellings are conventional dwellings used as the usual residence of one or several private households.
Variables and their description
Sex
This variable is used to distinguish men from women.
Age
The age reached in completed years of age on 1 January 2021.
Place of usual residence
The place of residence is that registered in the National Register on 1 January 2021. So this is the place of legal residence.
The Belgian municipalities have changed between 2011 and 2021. In the comparisons shown on this website, the figures for 2011 are broken down according to the municipalities of 2021.
Locality
A locality is defined as a distinct population cluster, that is an area defined by population living in neighbouring or contiguous buildings. This area constitutes a group of buildings, none of which is separated from its nearest neighbour by more than 200 meters.
The Belgian municipalities have changed between 2011 and 2021. In the comparisons shown on this website, the figures for 2011 are broken down according to the municipalities of 2021.
Employed persons
The following persons are considered as employed :
- persons aged 15 or over and
- who either performed at least one hour of work in the last week of the year for pay or profit, in cash or in kind; or
- were temporarily absent during the reference period from a job to which they maintained a formal attachment .
Status in employment
Status in employment: distinction between employees, employers and own-account workers.
Location of place of work
Location of place of work: geographical area in which a currently employed person does his/her job.
Industry
Industry: kind of production or activity of the establishment - or enterprise, if the establishment is not known - in which the main job of an employed person is located.
Remark
The comparison with the previous Census requires some caution: this publication is based on the Belgian population and the Census 2011 has as reference the European definition of the population.
Information on the difference between the Belgian population and the Census 2011 population.
[1] COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2017/543 of 22 March 2017 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on population and housing censuses as regards the technical specifications of the topics and of their breakdowns.
[2]Information on the difference between the Belgian population and the Census 2011 population.